What Is Endocarditis?

Endocarditis is an infection of the inner lining of the heart (endocardium), typically caused by bacteria, but it can also be caused by fungi or other microorganisms. This infection is serious and requires immediate treatment to prevent complications such as heart failure or strokes.

There are two main types of endocarditis: bacterial and fungal. Bacterial endocarditis is the most common, but both types present similar symptoms and require similar treatment approaches.

You may be at an increased risk of developing endocarditis if you have a valve replacement, heart valve disease, congenital heart defects, or a history of intravenous drug use. Men are at a higher risk than women, according to recent studies.

Symptoms

Symptoms of endocarditis can vary, but commonly include:

• Flu-like symptoms, such as fever and chills
• Fatigue and weakness
• Aching joints and muscles
• Night sweats
• Shortness of breath
• Chest pain, especially when breathing
• New or changed heart murmur
• Swelling in the legs, feet, or abdomen

Oral Hygiene and Prevention

Maintaining good oral hygiene is crucial in preventing endocarditis, particularly for those at higher risk. This includes regular brushing and flossing, prompt treatment of dental issues like abscesses and gum disease, and using antibacterial soaps for skin care. Always inform your dentist of any heart conditions before undergoing procedures, as this may necessitate the use of prophylactic antibiotics.

Treatment

If you develop endocarditis, immediate hospitalization is required. Treatment typically involves antibiotics or antifungal medications administered via a drip. In cases where the infection has caused significant damage to the heart valves, surgical intervention, such as valve repair or replacement, may be necessary. After discharge, ongoing antibiotic treatment and regular follow-ups with your healthcare provider are essential to ensure full recovery and prevent recurrence.